Their Definitions
Ode is a type of lyrical stanza. A classic ode is structured in three major parts: the 'Strophe', the 'antistrophe', and the 'epode'. Different forms such as the homostrophic ode and the irregular ode also exist. It is an elaborately structured poem praising or glorifying an event or individual, describing nature intellectually as well as emotionally.
A sonnet is a poetic form which originated in Italy. Giacomo Da Lentini is credited with its invention.
The term sonnet is derived from the Italian word sonetto (from Old Provencal sonnet a little poem, from son song, from Latin sonus a sound). By the thirteenth century it signified a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure. Writers of sonnets are sometimes called "sonneteers", although the term can be used derisively.
Elegy-In literature, an elegy is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.
Epic is a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation.
A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French chanson balladee or ballade, which were originally "dancing songs". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the America's, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century the term took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is now often used for any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.
Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government or society itself, into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit as a weapon and as a tool to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.
A feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm-"in satire, irony is militant but parody, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, analogy, and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing. This "militant" irony or sarcasm often professes to approve of (or at least accept as natural) the very things the satirist wishes to attack.
Satire is nowadays found in many artistic forms of expression, including literature, plays, commentary, television shows, and media such as lyrics.
Bits for Practice
1. The phrases to gnash one's teeth, to fly into a rage and to vent one's spleen - all have something to do with
a. Marriage
b. Disease
c. Burial
d. Anger
2. Spot the wrong one of the following.
a. Speck of cloud
b. Scrap of paper
c. Slab of iron
d. Piece of land
3. Find out the correctly spelt word.
a. Catlog
b. Catlogue
c. Katlogue
d. Catalogue.
4. The loop of rope with a running knot used to hang a person is known as ––––
a. A cable
b. A cord
c. A chord
d. A noose.
5. One of these is a story in verse
a. Sonnet
b. Elegy
c. Ballad
d. Hymn
6. The phrase '....my foot' is _____
a. An expression of remorse
b. An expression of sorrow
c. An expression of frustration
d. An expression of a scornful rejection of an idea.
7. Find out the wrong phrase of the following.
a. He quelled the rebellion
b. He put down the rebellion
c. He kept down the rebellion
d. He crushed the rebellion.
8. A child who is away from school without any good reason is known as _______
a. A truant
b. A schizophrenic
c. A delinquent
d. A problem child
9. Morbid fear of everything in general is called _______
a. Panophobia
b. Nyctophobia
c. Podophobia
d. Pedophobia.
10. His death made the state _____
a. ld est
b. Dei gratia
c. ll penseroso
d. Malafide
11. God is _______
a. Now and then
b. Here and there
c. High and low
d. Helter skelter
12. Identify the stress on the correct syllable.
a. 'Calculator
b. Cal'culator
c. Calcu'lator
d. Calcul'ator
13. 'Coherence' is a _______
a. Polysyllabic word
b. Trisyllabic word
c. Monosyllabic word
d. Disyllabic word
14. Fill in the blanks with correct pair of prepositions.
He arrived _______ the airport _______ time for the plane
a. In, in
b. At, on
c. To, in
d. In, beyond.
15. 'Phoneme' is a _______
a. Vowel
b. Consonant
c. Diphthong
d. Smallest unit of speech sound in a language.
16. The soft palate is lowered for _______
a. M
b. N
c. Both 'm' and 'n'
d. For only '…ing'
17. In stop consonants, the breath is completely _______
a. Stopped at some point in the mouth
b. Stopped at some point in the larynx
c. Stopped at some point in the nose
d. Stopped at some point in lungs.
18. Identify the pair of stop consonants of the following.
a. 'm' and 'n'
b. 'p' and 'b'
c. 't' and 'd'
d. 'f' and 'v'
19. To make notes effectively, one should be good at:
a. Skimming and scanning while reading
b. Skimming and scanning while writing
c. Reading beyond the lines
d. Reading with involvement.
20. Identify the correct sentence of the following.
a. His is nothing else than pride
b. He is nothing else but pride.
c. His is nothing else but pride.
d. His is nothing else and pride.
21. A small house with all rooms on one floor:
a. Flat
b. Bungalow
c. Castle
d. Skyscraper
22. When your moustache grows bushy, you _______
a. Chop it
b. Prune it
c. Pare it
d. Clip it
23. A didactic poem is one that_____
a. Pleases the ear
b. Makes us laugh
c. Teaches us moral
d. Deals with love.
24. Which of the following doesn't mean 'to die'?
a. To give up the ghost
b. To kick the bucket
c. To do away with
d. To pay Nature's debt
25. The acts of men and women are not dictated by such simple compulsions.
This sentence is _______
a. A complex sentence
b. A compound sentence
c. A simple sentence
d. A compound complex sentence.
26. Identify the part of speech of the words underlined in the sentence.
I went home late last night.
Homelatelasta. adverbadverbadjectiveb. nounadjectiveadverbc. nounpronounAdjectived. NounAdverbPronoun
27. Which Victorian author wrote the plays 'Frozen Deep' and 'No Gobblins'?
a. Swinburne
b. Charles Dickens
c. William Makepeace
d. Thackeray.
28. 'Stanzas Written in a Country Churchyard' is a poem completed in ____ and published in _____
a. 1750, 1751
b. 1754, 1755
c. 1749,1750
d. 1745,1746
29. 'Stanzas Written in a Country Churchyard' is _____
a. A sonnet
b. A Ballad
c. Idyll
d. Elegy.
30. Identify the correct sentence of the following.
a. She is very slower than Rani.
b. She is much slower than Rani
c. She is too slower than Rani
d. She is more slower than Rani.
31. Fill in the blanks with the words opposite in meaning to the words underlined in each of the following sentences.
Better to reign in hell than to _____ in heaven.
a. Live
b. Serve
c. Go
d. Exist
32. Identify the pair of words that are nearly synonymous.
a. Gullible incredulous
b. Cumbersome burden
c. Incredulous disbelieving
d. Credible credulous
Key
1) d
2) c
3) d
4) d
5) c
6) d
7) c
8) a
9) a
10) c
11) c
12) a
13) b
14) b
15) d
16) c
17) a
18) b
19) a
20) c
21) b
22) c
23) c
24) c
25) c
26) a
27) b
28) a
29) d
30) b
31) b
32) b.
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